Gambling is a popular pastime that can lead to harmful consequences. Some people develop addictions to gambling and are unable to control their behavior. Others are not addicted to gambling, but still participate in behaviors that can be problematic, such as risky betting or impulsive spending. Defining the different types of gambling can help establish proper regulations, consumer protection, and identify harmful behavior.
The term “disordered gambling” is used to refer to a range of gambling behavior, from those who have risk-taking behaviors that place them at risk for more serious problems (subclinical) to those who meet Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria for pathological gambling (PG). It is estimated that 2.5 million U.S adults (1%) meet a subclinical definition of gambling disorder, while 5-8 million (2-3%) are likely to have mild or moderate problem gambling.
While some individuals may view gambling as a form of entertainment, it is important to recognize that all forms of gambling are addictive. Whether it’s playing cards with friends at home, the lottery, casino games like slots, or even sports betting, all forms of gambling can be dangerous. While some forms of gambling have more potential for addiction than others, all forms of gambling are risky and involve the opportunity to lose money.
Many factors can influence an individual’s gambling behavior, such as genetics, social and family environment, and cultural values. The onset of problems can also be influenced by other life stressors, such as relationship difficulties, employment instability, or financial issues. Additionally, some people may use gambling to cope with underlying issues such as depression or anxiety.
While most gamblers do not suffer from problems, a small percentage become too involved in their gambling, which results in significant negative personal and family consequences. Those with problems often display signs of distress and are at risk for self-injury, substance misuse, or suicidal ideation. The first step to getting help is acknowledging the problem. Having a clear definition of gambling can help reduce resistance by framing it as a health issue.
When a person engages in gambling, their brain is stimulated by the dopamine produced when they encounter a favorable outcome. This dopamine response is similar to that experienced when engaging in a recreational activity that requires skill, such as shooting basketballs into a net or learning a new skill, such as playing a musical instrument. This is a normal part of the reward system and helps us learn through experience, but when it is triggered by gambling, it can lead to compulsive behavior and harm. People who experience a problem with gambling may exhibit behavioral symptoms such as increased use of gambling, avoiding activities related to gambling, lying about their gambling activity, and stealing money to fund their habit. These warning signs should be taken seriously, as they indicate that someone may need intervention. Fortunately, there are several resources available to those who need help. Contact The Gambling Clinic for support and guidance.